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Network Working Group Randall J. Atkinson
INTERNET DRAFT Naval Research Laboratory
10 July 1993
Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5 Services
Status of this Memo
Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet
Drafts. This particular draft is a working document of the IETF's
"IP over ATM" working group.
Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
months. This Internet Draft expires on 10 January 1994. Internet
Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at
any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as a "working draft" or "work in
progress".
Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each Internet
Draft directory to learn the current status of this or any other
Internet Draft.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Default Value for IP MTU over ATM AAL5
Protocols in wide use throughout the Internet, such as the Network
File System (NFS), currently use large frame sizes. Empirical
evidence with various applications over TCP indicates that larger MTU
sizes tend to give better performance. It is desirable to reduce
fragmentation in the network and thereby enhance performance by
having the IP Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) for AAL5 be reasonably
large. NFS defaults to an 8192 byte frame size. Allowing for
RPC/XDR, UDP, IP, and LLC headers, NFS would prefer a default MTU of
at least 8300 octets. Routers can sometimes perform better with
larger packet sizes because most of the costs in routers relate to
"packets handled" rather than "bytes transferred". Some recent
research into gigabit IP routers appears to indicate routing
performance is much better with larger MTU sizes (e.g. near 8K
octets) rather than smaller MTU sizes (e.g. 1500 octets). So there
are a number of good reasons to have a reasonably large default MTU
value for IP over ATM AAL5.
Atkinson [Page 1]
Internet Draft 10 July 1993
A very large default MTU size (e.g. 64K octets) would be an
excessive burden on smaller systems having limited resources. Also,
a very large default MTU size would be likely to cause significant
fragmentation in heterogeneous networks that also contain widely
implemented LAN technologies. Fragmentation is widely understood to
be harmful. Hence, it is important to pick a default MTU value which
balances the performance advantages of larger MTUs with the
implementation and potential fragmentation costs of very large MTUs.
RFC 1209 specifies the IP MTU over SMDS to be 9180 octets, which is
larger than 8300 octets but still in the same range. [RFC-1209] This
value is sufficiently small as to not be an excessive burden on
smaller systems. Also, fragmentation between IP over SMDS and IP
over AAL5 will be reduced in the most common case by selecting the
same default MTU value for both. More generally, there is no good
reason for the default MTU of IP over ATM AAL5 to be different from
IP over SMDS, given that they will be the same magnitude.
Therefore, the default MTU for IP over ATM AAL5 shall be 9180
octets. All implementations compliant and conformant with this
specification shall support this default IP MTU value for use over
ATM AAL5.
Minimum Value for IP MTU over ATM AAL5
The smallest acceptable value for the IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5
is 576 octets, which is necessary to conform with the requirements of
the Host Requirements RFC and is consistent with the IP
specification. [RFC-1122, RFC-791] Use of such a small IP MTU value
is not generally recommended. Before such an MTU value may be used,
the requirements described in the following section must be adhered
to.
MTU Negotation for ATM AAL5
MTU Negotiation is an optional procedure that may be used to
establish an MTU other than the default by mututal agreement of the
two endpoints of the ATM connection. This optional procedure uses
the standard ATM signalling mechanisms (e.g. ITU's Q.93B protocol)
rather than some IP-specific mechanism. In this RFC, an ATM endpoint
may be a host or a device which performs IP routing ("router").
[ The procedure described in the remainder of this section is
slightly out of date now and will soon be revised to realign it with
Atkinson [Page 2]
Internet Draft 10 July 1993
the ATM Forum's User Network Interface (UNI), Version 3.0 which
recently was finalised. The author is open to suggestions on how to
revise the text to realign it. ]
The "Maximum SDU Length" field of the AAL Parameters Information
Element is used in the SETUP and CONNECT messages of the industry-
standard ATM signalling protocol (e.g. Q.93B) to negotiate the MTU
for the Virtual Channel, when negotiation is used. [CCITT92, ATMF93]
If the calling endpoint wishes to negotiate an MTU other than the
default, it includes the "Maxiumum SDU Length" field in the AAL
Parameters Information Element in the SETUP message. The value of
the Maximum SDU Length may range from 576 to 65535 (octets) for use
with IP. If it is only willing to use the default MTU value, the
"Maximum SDU Length" field shall not be included.
If the called endpoint receives a SETUP message containing the
"Maximum SDU Length Field" in the AAL Parameters Information Element,
it may either:
a) If it is able to accept the MTU value proposed by the calling
endpoint, set the value of the "Maximum SDU Length Field" equal
to that received in the SETUP message.
b) If it wishes an MTU value less than that proposed in the
SETUP message but greater than or equal to 576 octets, set the
value of the "Maximum SDU Length" field in the CONNECT message
to the desired value.
c) If it does not wish to negotiate the MTU, shall not include
the "Maximum SDU Length" field in the connect message.
If a called endpoint receives a SETUP message containing no
"Maxiumum SDU Length" field in the AAL Parameters Information
Element, it shall not include the "Maximum SDU Length" field in the
CONNECT message that it sends (i.e. the called party shall not
require the calling party to negotiate the MTU).
If the called endpoint incorrectly includes the "Maximum SDU
Length" field in the CONNECT messages or indicates a value greater
than that indicated by the calling endpoint in the SETUP message, the
calling endpoint shall clear the call with cause "Invalid Information
Element Contents" being indicated.
Atkinson [Page 3]
Internet Draft 10 July 1993
Mismatched MTU Sizes
One of the new features of the ATM Forum's UNI 3.0 is that their
Q.93B derived signalling protocol makes it possible to negotiate a
different MTU value in the reverse direction than is used in the
forward direction. Many existing systems will find it difficult to
support differing forward and reverse IP MTU values in their IP and
network interface implementations. Therefore, the capability to
negotiate a different value in the reverse direction from that used
in the forward direction is not required. A system conforming to
this specification must not require such mismatched MTU values during
the ATM call setup.
Security Considerations
Security Considerations are not discussed in this memo.
Acknowledgements
While all members of the IETF's IP over ATM Working Group have been
helpful, Vern Schryver, Rob Warnock, Craig Partridge, and Subbu
Subramaniam have been especially helpful to the author in analysing
host and router implications of the default IP MTU value. Similarly,
Dan Grossman provided significant assistance in clarifying the
optional ATM signalling procedure used to negotiate the IP MTU value.
References
[RFC-791] Information Sciences Institute, Internet Protocol
Specification, RFC-791, DDN Network Information Center, September 1981.
[RFC-1122] Braden, R. (Ed.), Requirements for Internet Hosts --
Communications Layers, RFC-1122, DDN Network Information Center,
October 1989, pp.58-60.
[RFC-1209] Piscitello, D & J. Lawrence, The Transmission of IP Datagrams
over the SMDS Service, RFC-1209, DDN Network Information Center, March 1991.
[CCITT92] CCITT Study Group XI/Working Party 6, Draft Text for Q.93B,
Document TD XI/6-37, Revision 1, March 1992, Geneva, Switzerland.
(This is most assuredly out of date but continues to be the best
that I have handy...)
Atkinson [Page 4]
Internet Draft 10 July 1993
[ATMF93] Grace, Jim (ed.), Signalling Specification Draft, Document
93-265R5, pp. 40-43, 16 April 1993, ATM Forum.
(This will be replaced with a reference to ATM Forum's "User Network
Interface" specification Version 3 in the next revision of this draft)
Disclaimer
Author's organisation provided for identification purposes only.
This document presents the author's views and is not necessarily the
official opinion of his employer.
Author Information
Randall J. Atkinson <atkinson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
Information Technology Division
Naval Research Laboratory
Washington, DC 20375
USA
Atkinson [Page 5]